04-19-2020, 07:41 AM
Quote:280 BC Galatians, a group of Celtic tribes invade Macedonia, Greece and Thrace
Rom has defeated it's major rivals in Italy like the Etruscans and Samnites and controlls now most of the peninsula through forced alliances. The greek city of Tarentum asks King Pyrrhos of Epirus for help against Rom.
275 BC +Beneventum+: Pyrrhus vs. Consul Dentatus
273 BC +Heraclea ("the Elephant Victory")+: Seleucid king Antiochos I defeats the galatian tribes in Asia Minor, they afterwards settle in central Anatolia, the region becomes knwon as Galatia
272 BC +Argos+: Pyrrhos of Epeiros killed in street battle
265 BC Tyrant Hiero II of Syracuse sieges Messina, but Mamertines fend of siege with help of allied cathingian flottila.
264 BC -1. Punic War-|Start: Between Rome and Carthage for control of Sicily
262 BC +Agrigentum+: Carthaginians vs Romans
Eumenes I, governor of the city of Pergamon in western Asia Minor, declares independence from Seleucid kingdom.
260 BC ~Naval~: Rom sets off with a fleet to Sicily and defeats the Carthaginian navy at +Mylae+.
257 BC ~Naval~: A small draw skirmish between Rom and Carthaghe navy
256 BC ~Naval~: +Ecnomus+: Romans win and can therefore land an invasion force in North Africa.
256 BC -1.Punic War-: Römer landen unter Marcus Artilius Regulus in Nordafrika
255 BC -1.Punic War-: +RoR:Bagradas Plain+: Spartanischer Söldnergeneral Xanthippos besiegt für Karthago die Römer unter Consul Regulus in der Bagradas-Ebene
+Telamon+: Romans defeat Gallic
250 BC Diodotos, the Seleucid governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Margiana, declares independence and founds Graeco-Bactrian Kingdom
Parthian Kingdom is founded by the nomadic Parni in the pre-existing Seleucid province of Parthia south-east of the Caspian sea. It's ruled by the Arsacid dynasty and takes over the eastern Seleukid provinces
249 BC ~Naval~: +Drepanum+:
244 BC Diadochus Seleukus fails to expand into Ptolemaic Egypt.
241 BC -1.Punic War-|End: Carthage is forced to surrender Sicily to Rome and pay huge reperations.
237 BC Rom annexes former Carthaginian island collonies Corsica and Sardinia.
228 BC Death of Hamilcar Barca, father of Hanibal. His son-in-law Hasdrubal the Fair takes command in the carthaginian Spain.
225 BC Qin dynasty conquers Wei state in China
222 BC Qin dynasty conquers Zhao and Yan states in China
221 BC Hasdrubal the Fair is assassinated. Hannibal takes command in the carthaginian Spain.
220 BC +fUCC:Appollonia+: Selucid King Antiochus III the Great crushes his rebellious brother Molon governor of Media.
219 BC -2. Punic War|Start-: Hanibal sieges and captures Saguntum, a Roman ally in Spain.
218 BC -2.Punic War-: +RoR:Trebia+: After marching accross the Alps, Hannibal defeats the Romans under Tiberius Sempronius Longus, who had foolishly attacked. Most of Hanibals elephants die after the battle.
217 BC +Raphia+: Also known as the Battle of Gaza, was a battle fought on 22 June 217 BC near modern Rafah between the forces of Ptolemy IV Philopator, king and pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt and Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid Empire during the Syrian Wars. It was one of the largest battles of the Hellenistic kingdoms and was one of the largest battles of the ancient world. The battle was waged to determine the sovereignty of Coele Syria.
216 BC +RoR:Cannae+ - Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Publius Terentius Varro in what is considered one of the great masterpieces of the tactical art.
215 BC -1.Macedonian War-|Start:
~Naval~: Ptolemy IV of Egypt orders construction of the 'Tessarakonteres'("forty-rowed") - the largest galley known to Antiquity.
+Dertosa+: Hasdrubal Barca apperars to have attempted to pull a Cannae
211 BC +fUCC:Castulo+: Roman Publius and Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio are killed in battle with the Carthaginians under Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca.
Romans win siege of Syracuse. Archimedes killed.
End of Warring States period in China: Completion of unification of China under Qin Shi Huang. Start of Qin dynasty.
210 BC Seleucid King Antiochos III invades Graeco-Bactria. War ends with negotiated peace, Seleucid Antiochos III recognises Graeco-Bactria King Euthydemos.
208 BC [Knight-Jadezyk] large event that can be discerned in the scientific records ( Ice core, peat bog, tree-ring dates combined)
207 BC Western Han dynasty founded by Liu Bang emerge in China.
Nomadic Xiongnu rise to dominate the inner Asian steppe.
206 BC Chinese Qin dynasty overthrown. Start of Han dynasty.
206 BC +RoR:Ilipa+ - Scipio again decisively defeats the remaining Carthaginian forces in Spain.
202 BC -2.Punic War-|End: +RoR:Zama+: Scipio Africanus Major decisively defeats Hannibal in North Africa.
Rom has survived near destruction and controlls now all of Italy and large parts of Spain and North Africa and starts growing it's involvment in Greece.
200 BC Xiongnu horse nomads become Chinas second major nomad enemy.
2nd century BC
197 BC +Cynosephalae+: Romans punish King Phillip V of Macedon for allying with Hannibal during the Second Punic War
Seleucid Persia loses Asia Minor after major defeat through Rome.
192 BC +Thermophylae+: Seleucid Antiochos III tries to intervene in Greek but is defeated by Roman intervention. Seleucids lose + Thermophylae+.
190 BC +RoR:Magnesia+ - (near Smyrna) Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio and his brother Scipio Africanus Major defeat Antiochus III the Great in the decisive victory of the war. Rom controlls now Asia Minor.
189 BC Romans under Gnaeus Manilus Vulso defeat Galatians in former Anatolia
183 BC Hannibal commits suicide in exile.
180 BC Graeco-Bactrian Demetrios son of Euthydemos invades India.
175 BC Indo-Greek kingdom is established. Shortly after the overthrow of the Euthydemid dynasty in Bactria leeds to the Bactrian and Indian sections of the kingdom splitting apart.
168 BC -3.Macedonian War-: +RoR:Pydna+: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus defeat and capture Macedonian King Perseus, ending the Third Macedonian War
167 BC Mattathias the Hasmonean, a Jewish priest, begins a revolt against Seleucid king Antiochos IV Epiohanes because of dedication of Jerusalem Temple to Zeus Olympios. The revolt is lead by Judas Maccabeus and his brothers and is
also equaly an inner-judean civil war between 'Ioudaismoi' (judean isolationist) and 'Hellenismoi' (hellenistic assimilationist).
162 BC +fUCC:Beth Zechariah+: Jewish Maccabeans vs Seleucid Greek forces during the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid Empire.
149 BC -3.Punic War-|Start: Rome finds pretexts to declare war against Carthage again.
148 BC -4.Macedonian War-|End: Rom annexes Antigonid Maccedon.
146 BC +Corinth+. End of 3. Punic War. Carthage is destroyed. Rom also controlls now former Carthaginian areas in North Africa. Also Greek is fully conquered.
133 BC King Attalos III of Pergamon bequeaths his kingdom in western Asia Minor to Rome.
130 BC After errotion through nomadic Yue-chi, last Graeco-Bactrian king, Heliokles, abandons Bactria and retreats to his Indian holdings.
129 BC The rebellious illigitimate half brother of Attalos III is suppressed.
125 BC Antikythera mechanism (discovered in 1900 AD in a wreck off the Greek island of the same name), and dated to 125 BC, revealed that it was constructed to exhibit the diurnal motions of the sun, moon and the five planets then known. As it happens, it was also heliocentric.
121 BC Southern Gaul (Transalpine Gaul) is incoporated in Roman Empire as a province
115 BC King of Pontus Mithridates VI begins to expand, taking control of the Bosparan Kingdom in the Crimea. When he wants to expand in Asia Minor he is forced to withdraw by decree of the Roman senate.
108 BC Chinese Han empire conquers Korea and establishes four main commanderies to rule the region.
105 BC Reforms of Marius: Legionaries are not longer divided into hastati, principes and triarii.
1st century BC
89 BC +River Amnias+:.Mithridates VI General Archelaus defeats the pro-roman Bithynians. In consequence Rome loss of whole Asia Minor and much of Greece for some years to Mithridates VI of Pontus
86 BC 1. Mithridatic War: +RoR:Chaeronea+ - The Roman forces of Lucius Cornelius Sulla defeat the Pontic forces of General Archelaus
85 BC +Orchomenos+: Second battle between Sulla and Archelaus. Sulla wins again.
83 BC 2. Mithridatic War|Start
74 BC 3. Mithridatic War|Start
73 BC +Cabria+: Mithridates VI fields roman style imitation legions.
70 gladiators under the lead of Spartacus escape out of the school of Lentulus Batiatus in Capua and start major Slave Revolt
70 BC Yue-Chi take over most of the western Indo-Greek kingdom.
69 BC +RoR:Tigranocerta+ and +Artaxata+: Lucullus defeats the army of King Tigranes II of Armenia, who was harboring his father-in-law Mithridates VI of Pontus
67 BC +Zela+: Mithridates VI defeats Roman General Triarius
66 BC Tigranes II capitulates as a new Roman army under Pompey the Great advances into Armenia. He has to give up his empire but is allowed to keep his original kingdom.
64 Galatia becomes Roman client state
63 BC Mithridates IV of Pontus commits suicide when his son Pharnaces stages a coup. Roman general Pompeius annexes syrian remnants of Seleucid kingdom. Roman Empire stretches now till the northern Euphrates river.
Pompey sieges Jerusalem
61 BC Rome under Nero makes the deepest penetration into Africa beyond the first catarct in soutern Egypt.
58 BC +RoR:Bibracte+: Caesar again defeats the Helvetii, this time decisively.
55 BC Romans under Ceasar land forces in Britain but make not lasting conquests
Tigranes II dies.
54 BC Romans under Ceasar land forces in Britain again but still no lasting conquests
53 BC +RoR:Carrhae+: The Roman Triumvir Crassus is defeated and killed by the Parthians during an attempt to invade the Iranian Parthian kingdom.
52 BC +fUCC:Alesia+: Ceasar wins siege against Gauls und Vercingetorix
51 BC +Antigonea+: Rams defeat Parthian cataphracts
50 BC [Gregorius] Start Fische-Zeitalter: Kriegsgeist des Widders verebbt. Christentum. "Da, bildlich gesehen, von unten herauf der Widder das Fischezeichen angriff, so musste auch dieses Zeitalter, obwohl es ebenfalls den Stempel der Religiosität trug, ein Zeitalter des Kampfes werden, da in ihm diese beiden Kräfte um die Oberherrschaft rangen."
Inspiratives Gottschauen einzelner Mystiker. Aufblühen von Religionsgemeinschaften, Dominieren der Klöster und Ordensverbände. Mystische Impuls wird jedoch immer stärker verdrängt durch blutige Geldgier. Ströme von Blut, erst um des Glaubens, dann um des Goldes willen.
Rom also controls now Celtic Gaul.
49 BC -Roman Civil Wars-|Start
+Ilerda+: Caesarean Roman classic manipular style legions fight Pompeian Roman legions who use more loose formation Iberian hit-and-run fighting techniques.
47 BC +Zela+: Pharnaces, son of Mithridates VI, is defeated by Ceasar ("Veni, vedi, vici")
Antipater is made governor of all Judea.
46 BC +RoR:Thapsus+: Caesar defeats the Pompeian army of Metellus Scipio in North Africa.
37 BC Idumaean Herod the Great gains full control of Judea as a roman client
Antipaters son Herod the Great takes the title King of Judea and starts construction of Second Temple in Jerusalem
30 BC Rom annexes Ptolemaic Egypt after defeat and death of Marcus Antonius and sucide of Cleopatra VII.
27 BC End of Roman Republic. Octavianus, great-nephew and adoptive heir of Julius Caesar, now rules as Emperor Augustus. Roman Empire includes now Italy, Spain, Gaul, North Africa, Greece, Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt.
25 BC Galatia is annexed as a Roman province
4 BC Herod the Great dies
|Rise of Rome - End|
End of 'Before Christ' dating system
Zero
Start of 'Anno Domini' dating system
1st century AD
4 AD Herod the Great dies
6 AD Judea becomes an autonomous part of the Roman province of Syria
9 AD +Teutoburg Forest+
Last Illyrian tribes are subjugated by Rome
Han state in China suffers economic and social problems. Aristocrat Wang Mang ursurps power in China declaring his own Xin dynasty.
10 AD Eastern Punjab king Strato II, the last Indo-Greek king, is overthrown by Indo-Skythians.
19 AD Tiberius expells the Jews from Rome.
23 AD Death of Xin upsurber Wang Mang ends Western Han dynasty in China. Start of Eastern Han dynasty after civil war.
43 AD Roman Emperor Claudius launches a full scale invasion of Britain und Aulus Plautius
61 AD +LT:Watling Street+: The uprising of the British queen Boudica against the Romans is defeated by Suetonius Paullinus.
64 AD Construction of Second Temple in Jerusalem is finished
66 AD Sadducee Eleazar, son of the high priest, launches armed rebellion against Rome in Judea
70 AD Rebellion in Judea is dealt with by Roman legions under command of Titus. Jerusalem is besieged and plundered. Second Temple is destroyed. War is continued against other strongholds of the insurgents.
73 AD Masada last stronghold of Judean rebells falls
2nd century AD
102 AD +LT:Adamclisi+: Trajan defeats Dacians, Roxolani & Bastarnae in modern Romania.
115 AD +Tigris+: Romans defeat Parthians
132 AD Simon Bar Kokhba starts revolt in Judea
135 AD Expulsion of Jewish population of Jerusalem
190 AD |Field of Glory: Empires - Grand Campaign End|
3rd century AD
220 AD Last Han Emperor Liu Xie disposed. End of Eastern Han dynasty in China. Begin of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" period.
224 AD +LT:Hormozdgan+: Sassanid forces defeat the Parthians, killing King Artabanus IV and ending Parthian rule in the Middle East.
225 AD Parthian kingdom is overthrown by its Sassanid Persian vassals
272 AD +LT:Emesa+: Aurelian decisively defeats Zenobia.
+Orontes+: Romans defeat Palmyrans
291 AD Begin of "Eight Princes"civil war in China
4th century AD
300 AD [circa] Cataphract becomes ideal of many far eastern nomad cavalry, who change from being horse archers to lance charge cavalry.
[CoBra] In the timeframe between 3000 BCE and 300 CE women were still able to express themselves as sexual healers in Goddess temples: Then the Khazarian Kurgan invasion in the 4th century brutally ended this tradition and sexually suppressed women even further.
304 AD Start of Sexteen Kingdom period in China. Xiongnu rule Han Zhao a first barbarian ruled state in northern China.
306 AD End of "Eight Princes"civil war in China
312 AD Roman emperor Constantine 'converts' to Chistianity
325 AD Christian First Ecumenical Council. Formulates canon of the New Testament.
356 AD King Naemul consolidates Shilla as a large confederated kingdom out of twelve Chin-Han or Jinhan walled towns south of the Han river in the eastern region of Korean peninsular.
357 AD +LT:Argentoratum (or Battle of Strasbourg)+: Julian expels the Alamanni from the Rhineland
363 AD +LT:Maranga+: occurred shortly after the Battle of Ctesiphon. The Romans repelled a Sasanian attack while sustaining minimal losses. Soon afterwards the emperor Julian was killed at the Battle of Samarra.
376 AD Di state manages to briefly unite the whole north of China.
378 AD +LT:Adrianople+: The Thervings under Fritigern (Gothic and Alan refugees) defeat and kill the Eastern Emperor Valens.
381 AD Emperor Theodosius summons Council of Constantinople -> Jesus Christ becomes god
383 AD +Fei River+: Attempt of Di state to conquer the Eastern Jin ends in disaster, resulting in the rapid disintegration of the Di state into two successors.
394 AD +LT:Frigidus+: The Christian Roman Emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills the last Pagan-tolerant usurper Eugenius and his Frankish general Arbogast.
Last hieroglyphic inscription in the Temple of Philae (max end-date for Egyptian history).
395 AD Emperor Theodosius elevates Chistianity to the rank of state religion but also maintaines and renovates pagan religious traditions, including the cult of Sol Invictus. He also retains the title Pontifex Maximus
5th century AD
400 AD [circa] Japan becomes involved for Paekche kingdom in war on Korea peninsula. A japanes foot-only army gets heavily defeated in battle by Kogyro kingdom army riding horses.
Cham people united by aggressive King Bhadravarman
406 AD Alans, Vandals and Suevi begin to cross the Rhine on 31. December to to seize Roman grain stores.
407 AD Invasion of Roman province Gaul by the Alans, Vandals and Suevi, who have crossed the frozen Rhine. Battle between Franks and Vandals.
Roman rebel Constantine "III" takes his troops out of Britain in 407 to try and seize the Roman throne, a Roman garrison is never restored. He manages to contain the Alans, Vandals and Suevi in Northern Gaul.
409 AD Alans, Vandals and Suevi break through the Pyrenees into Spain overwhelming the unenthusastic troops of usurper Gerontius who is holding the province.
410 AD Roman Emperor Honorius writes a letter to the Britons advising them that he is unable to send any troops.
411 AD After some success in both Gaul and Spain against germanic tribes, Constantine, who settled at Arles, is finally deposed, by Roman troops.
416 AD Romans unlash Wallia's Goths against the Alans, Vandals and Suevi in Spain.
422 AD Combined Roman-gothic attack against the Vandals in Spain.
425 AD After Emperor Honorius, Roman Britain is forgotten and essentially disappears from history.
427 AD [circa] Battles between the Vandals and their former Suevie allies in Spain.
428 AD Young Geiseric becomes King of the Vandals and deceides to lead his tribe into the breadbasket of the West Roman Empire, North Africa.
429 AD Vandals cross from sapin to North Africa
430 AD Vandals defeat Roman-African field army of Count of Africa Boniface outside the sieged city Hippo Regius.
439 AD Vandals take Carthage. King Geiseric becomes master of Africa and the Mediterran Sea.
Northern Wei unite northern China. End of Sixtieen Kingdom Period in China. Start of Northern Dynasty period.
446 AD Chinese respond to raids by invading and conquering Champa. They hold it for hundred years until a Champa revolt removes them.
451 AD +LT:Châlons+:An alliance under Visigothic king Theodoric I and Romans under Aëtius repulse the attack of Attila the Hun and his allies. Theodoric is killed in the battle.
454 AD +LT:Nedao+: A Germanic alliance under the leadership of the Ostrogoths and the Gepids breaks Hunnic power in Europe.
455 AD Vandals sack Rome.
(circa) First Germans to settle in Britain were the Jutes led by Hengest from Jutland, the land of the Jutes. He establishes himself in what would then become the Kingdom of Kent.
457 AD [CoBra] After centuries of suppression the last mysteries of Isis are completely discontinued at the Isis temple of Philae
458 AD +fUCC:Arelate+: Roman Emperor Majorian, with the support of Aegidius and Nepotianus, defeats the Visigoths
468 AD ~Mercurium~: East Emperor Leo massed huge armada to end Vandal menace gets destroyed by Vandal navy.
476 AD End of West Roman Empire
477 AD Vandal King Geiseric dies.
491 AD The Saxons, with Aelle & Cissa, settle in Britain. Bede says that Aelle was the first bretwalda, or overlord of the Saxons; and Aelle may have been killed at Badon Hill.