Music: Spiritual Effects of Rock/Metal Music

[Unbound]

Aha Yes, I encounter a lot of people who don't like doom metal for the same reasons. I love the sheer weight of it, it has an immensity I get from few other types of music.

Pat Walker has amazing vocals, and their first album was a little more up-beat, but I don't think another kind of music would capture his raw emotion in the way the simplicity of Warning does it. Although his newer band 40 Watt Sun is supposed to be comparably heavy. That whole album, Watching From A Distance, is pretty much the same sort of tempo, it's relentless! I couldn't even complete it the first time I listened to it, it floored me and triggered such deep emotions I had to stop halfway through and take a break.

[Nyu]

Ok I have trouble doing reply quotes on my laptop so I wont do that, but yes I know Eluveitie, they are awesome. I've seen Ensiferum and Turisas live and they were both amazing!! Folk metal gigs are the BEST, such great energy.

I've seen Amon Amarth twice, they also put on a fantastic show! I'm not into them so much anymore but The Fate of Norns is my fav album

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZK5ziQMLmQc
This link is to the song I Am The Ritual by Hexvessel.. it's strange but his voice kills me (in a good way)

[Monica]

Aha Yes, I encounter a lot of people who don't like doom metal for the same reasons. I love the sheer weight of it, it has an immensity I get from few other types of music.

Pat Walker has amazing vocals, and their first album was a little more up-beat, but I don't think another kind of music would capture his raw emotion in the way the simplicity of Warning does it. Although his newer band 40 Watt Sun is supposed to be comparably heavy. That whole album, Watching From A Distance, is pretty much the same sort of tempo, it's relentless! I couldn't even complete it the first time I listened to it, it floored me and triggered such deep emotions I had to stop halfway through and take a break.

I will definitely be checking him out. I love discovering good vocalists. That is precisely why I don't care for growly vocals - I really love good, intensely emotional singing.

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Man, I'm supposed to be working. I need to take the headphones off and get on the phone! I'll check out yours later tonight, Nyu.

Oh, but before I go, I just have to offer you guys this:

http://bring4th.org/forums/showthread.ph...0#pid40240

It's not metal, but prog. But in terms of emotional intensity, it doesn't get any more intense than this. You have to listen to it all the way thru, uninterrupted, to get the full feel of it. Keep in the mind it's poor quality audio, but you can still grasp the emotional intensity of the performance.

Please let me know what you think! Music is always a taste thing, as well as a mood thing, of course.

I look forward to continuing this conversation later!

[Unbound]

Yeah, singing is beautiful! I took some singing lessons with an italian gypsy woman, as well as choir in elementary school, it's really enjoyable.

[Monica]

If you're game to try I urge you to check out an album called "Dawnbearer" by the band Hexvessel (you can find a few songs on youtube). It is in the style of 60's Occult Canterbury Folk Rock - so it is dark themed (Voodoo-esque) but it is just mind blowing! It is very soft and quirky and they use natural instruments and the singer is just the best thing I have ever heard in my life. His voice is so pure and crystalline, yet strange and just beautiful. I don't know why but this music makes my heart vibrate at a very high level when I listen to it. I feel like this guy is definitely a special talent. x 1,000,000

I'm listening to Hexvessel now and loving it so far! I couldn't find anything on them...what can you tell me?

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Yeah, singing is beautiful! I took some singing lessons with an italian gypsy woman, as well as choir in elementary school, it's really enjoyable.

What I like in a vocalist is the ability to evoke emotion. That's more important to me than technical virtuosity or range.

My fav vocalists:

Peter Gabriel
Rob Halford
Klaus Meine (early Scorpion days)
Tony Kakko
Davey Havok
Thom York
Peter Hammil
Monika Pedersen

[Nyu]

I youtube'd Pat Walker, he has a very beautiful voice too!

RE: Hexvessel

This is the description of the band on the site that sells their album
http://www.svartrecords.com/shoppe/produ...roduct=267

"Hexvessel is the work of Mathew "Kvohst" McNerney, as being 'a holy body or host carrier of spectres, magic spells and rituals'. The debut release, Dawnbearer is spiritual rite of passage, an attempt to re-awaken the inner self and reach enlightenment through the powers of psychedelic folk music. Channeling and confronting demons of the past, from a strict Catholic upbringing, to his formative years living in Norwegian Lapland and cutting his teeth singing for Satanic Blackmetal bands. With an installed appreciation of 60s Canterbury folk from his childhood growing up England, Negro Spiritual Church hymns mix with themes of the occult, Crowleyan magick and Haitian voodoo.

Inviting select underground artists to participate on the record, he collaborated with Norwegian dark tango/folk musicians from Krugers Medbragte and Jaime Gomez Arellano from experimental avant-prog bands such as Mothlite, Guapo & who has previously carried out production work on Miasma And The Carousel of Headless Horses and Ulver. The album also features a guest vocal performance by Carl-Michael Eide aka Czral from progressive rock weirdos Virus and original hand-drawn artwork by Finland's godfather of doom, Albert Witchfinder.

A personal and intensely dark trip of unusual compositions, using organically recorded instruments such as sawblade, harmonium, zither, gongs, harp, mellotron, mandolin and bandoneon. Otherworldly folk, with an uncanny, haunting resonance that will undoubtably surprise fans of McNerney's past work with Blackmetal bands such as Dødheimsgard and Code. For admirers of Changes, Woven Hand, Espers, Midlake & Comus."

So he is a Black Metal Singer/Vocalist (he can certainly scream too!!) and this album is his own personal project.

Here are two more songs, both extremely different from each other:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-nIQhFuv...re=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4WMza6V0...re=related

[Monica]

If you young'uns weren't born yet when this was recorded, then I offer it for your musical education!

Van Der Graaf Generator - Scorched Earth

And the greatest band of all time, who will never be matched:

Pink Floyd Echoes

haha and I'm not biased of course!

[Unbound]

On note of Albert Witchfinder, he did the band logo for my band Funeral Circle. Also just released was a split with Lord Vicar, the band of Peter Vicar formorly of Reverend Bizarre. Albert did the artwork for that split as well. (http://a2.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-a...4715_n.jpg)

Van Der Graaf Generator and Pink Floyd are both amazing! We watched Live At Pompei on psilocybin mushrooms and it was intense!

You should listen to Can (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QLL2j8ZtxE) and Acid Mothers Temple (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2o1jJ2vfPY)

[Nyu]

That's awesome Azrael!! It's so exciting to see other people into metal here.

PS Pink Floyd rules! My fav album of theirs is Wish You Were Here

[Unbound]

Yeah, unfortunately I've since parted ways with Funeral Circle, but that's okay, we did everything I wanted to while I was with them.

[Monica]

For your musical education:

Hawkwind: Assault and Battery

Mmmmmm....good stuff

[Unbound]

f*** yeah Hawkwind!

[Monica]

f*** yeah Hawkwind!

And you know there's lots more awesome stuff, but very little live footage.

Now here's a tasty gem I'd bet you've never heard of:

Dust

Oh and I'm quite certain you've never heard of this:

Aphrodite's Child 666: The 4 Horsemen

(If you have, I'll be really impressed.)

And more Aphrodite's Child:

Altamont

Loud, Loud, Loud

Babylon

Not metal, but a unique musical experience. This was Vangelis' band.

[BlatzAdict]

monica YOU NEED to make me a mixtape!
or a list of stuff to find!
cause your taste is awesome!
i really like that aphrodite's song!

reminds me of this one
Lighthouse keeper by klaatu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sN9kLcdikIE

[Zygra]

In my dreams my higher self told me "Do not ignore the darkness. It is an integrated part of you".

Thinking that we are shining angels causes imbalance. We are all "Disturbed". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfeA1rINUmY&NR=1

[Oceania]

i love Reprise.

[Monica]

RE: Hexvessel

Finally got some time to check out Hexvessel! So far I really like this:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9c6on7x_...re=related

and, WOW!!! THIS!

http://www.avantgarde-metal.com/content/...php?id=597

Thanks for turning me on to this, Nyu!

[Monica]

A Bring4th member (lurker) who wishes to remain anonymous, emailed me and asked me to post this for him. Here it is:

Monica,

In regards to your topic on the forums that was addressing the Metal music genre.
As I was reading that topic, I thought of replying and sharing some of my personal ideas.

These words are typed up by a person who is doing music for about 15 years now. I am able to play a couple of music instruments, average to good, including piano, saxophone. But my main passion is Distorted electric guitar.

Some facts about metal music. Mostly, it's texture is quite thick. That is caused by the distortion effect used on the guitars. Basically, the signal that comes from the guitar is put through a bunch of equipment that adds to the tone all of its overtones and harmonics in a specific shape, based on the gear setup and settings levels. The sound is full of harmonic noise, in a wide frequency range, it is very rich and fat. Think of a symphonic orchestra playing fortissimo: all fifty instruments create a blast of sound wave.
When I first heard heavy metal with such guitars, it was hard to accept the music and my head almost hurt at the time of listening. Soon enough I got used to it, and years later discovered its beauty, when swapped classical guitar for electric.
Fast tempo's - majority of metal bands play in quite a fast pace. This creates not only a rich texture of sounds, but also a wide stream of information coming to the listeners ears. As we know that energy=information and the music is form of information...

There is something about the metal music. The instruments, the way they revolve around distortion guitar and adopt to it's sound with adding their own timbre is amazing. Turn off distortion and the music will loose it's balance. At some stage, I was disappointed with the way how the things were going for me. I was then trying unsuccessfully to start a metal band and played in some other acts, which later dissolved in time. Decided not to listen to metal for a while and kept spoiling myself with all other kinds of music. Some year or more later, after I came back to listen to some metal piece, I instantly had an urge to pickup my guitar and rock out with the track. There could be some addiction to the sweet and warm tone of distorted guitar. Only the people who are metal guitarists themselves, or advanced musicians could call the angry, messy, and evil noise a warm tone! Of course there could be some that also enjoy this sound, no offense.
Metal can be tiring. After listening to the records for more than 3-4 hours you want to turn it off. Don't tell me it's not true. The thing gets into your head and your brain starts to cook. But that is different when live.

Now I will talk about live performances. Currently being in a band that performs live in front of people, I could say that it is a sacred act, the performance it is. Being a performer means to convey the energy (we know that energy=love in most cases, or if it's hate, it's just little less love than usual) to the audience in the most preferred for the actor way. Be that a stand-up comedian, a presenter of a speech, an actor of any kind, a bard with a guitar or a metalhead in a black dress. Once you are on that stage, no matter who you are, there are rules. And they are very simple - transfer that info over to the crowd.

Said that, I would like to share this bit of info as well. As a person who is quite interested in understanding how does the life work and reading from time to time about it, from different sources, I got concerned that metal may not be the right thing. So once, I had a chance to ask this question to a person, who calls himself a healer, but really is just just another psychic or spiritualist, there is not definition on such people, we know it. My exact question was - is that alright that I perform music that is chaotic in its nature, and isn't it destructive to the soul. The answer followed that there is harmony in everything and in chaos as well. So chaos is pretty much another form of equation, as we heard that from Ra. Meaning that it's fine. Besides, if we do not like that statement, and we still battle for duality in its extreme form to be dominant in our incarnation, I could defend metal music with calling it the ultimately negative of all your positive. And the opposing must exist. If we must harmonize oneself to create an balance of + and - why not have the metal music as a catalyst. Maybe killing somebody at night in a lonely street with a grimace on your face is acceptable in some circumstances, rocking out loud is definitely the more humanitarian way; especially taking into account that some metal bands are very high class performers and masters of their instruments. Again, there is no shade without a light source, and the brighter the light, the darker the shadow. At least that is how our current world is made: good and bad, left and right, you name it.

About lyrics and the energy behind. As you mentioned how some bands do not work out for you and some you like, despite of their harsh vocals. Firstly, I will share my own experience in understanding the growling vocals. Human's voice is a musical instrument. In fact the most difficult one to master, and unique. Every voice is unique; think of 10 pupils in a room, ask them all to play a tune on a piano and there will be little difference. At least we can tell it only on a physical level, by our ears. Ask them to sing this same tune and you get 10 different voices. So if the voice is clear - enjoy it the way it is. If it is harsh and gworling/screaming/squeeling - think of it just like it is another instrument that is making this "special effect" for the atmosphere or so that it is another percussion. Metal is very rhythmical and vocals in metal indeed are too.
Secondly, my own experience. In one of the bands I did guitar work as well as growling. I can not sing properly, even though I took lessons from an opera singer and can hold the note in this "big, AAAA" manner. Did not bother singing clear, had a female singer for that, but also it was a black metal project and the growls suited the overall darkness and doom that we were creating. :-) It somehow felt like I wanted to growl myself instead of singing clear. It just suited the music better that clear voice, and the operatic female voice was there for a contrast.
When I screamed and played, usually after finishing the song I was all in sweat and as if some additional energy source was plugged into me while I was performing. I noticed that, regardless of what lyrics I sang - both devil like lyrics or random words, not necessarily on dark topics. It is hard to explain what exactly do you feel when you sing, especially in such an intense form of art as black metal is. Tempo up to 180, guitars screaming in agony, drummer's blasting a thick mesh of snare and kicks (blast beat), keyboards full on choir "ah-s" in 3 octaves, female singer is holding this long and dramatic note, then the riff changes and with a slide, I open my mouth and fill the room with soul-freezing raw energy of ...
Can't really tell whether it is an angelic nature or the beast. Whatever it is, this chaos is complete, it has it's charm and it's own beauty and it can not be bad!
Personally I had a song that I have written with lyrics in thought, and it was about diversity of religions that we have here in the world currently and how it is all in the end silly and we, humans, do not know anything. I wouldn't say that I felt any anger when quite blasphemous phrases were coming out of me. Because I knew that it is just a performance act in the end, and it is not really the way I feel about the subject. In real life, people make things that are much worse than some metalhead shouting out swearing from the stage.
It could be that some bands are playing with anger, I tried to do that too. But it does not work for me. Even at times when the negative emotions cover me, if I happen to be with a guitar, no matter how hard I try to make the music evil coming from the soul, even though it does turn out evil to the listener, but very soon I happen to calm down and switch to this "transmitter of light" state, the one that conveys the energy. Whether it's playing jazz and pop on sax, picking some classic on nylon or blasting chaos out of the amp and cabinet that is too heavy for me to lift alone - it is all the same performers state.
Thirdly, I would tell about experience of seeing bands live and feeling their emotions. Once on a concert, I was in audience, there were 4 bands. All four were technical death metal, so quite heavy. I should say the top extreme metal sound you can get nowadays. :-) There was one band that maybe was not the heaviest, but I personally felt not good after seeing them, even though the band before was much more extreme and sick. They had created some sort of an emotional void, that was ready to be filled by not the brightest thoughts. I think that was it - an example of how a band feels, got applied to the audience. It could be that the guys were tired (international tour) or not happy for some reason. I still believe you can not do harm with art, no matter how dark it is or how brutal it's appearance. I tried to put anger when performing live, but it doesn't work. Instead there is some anti-reaction in me that converts that emotion to some sad understanding of undefinable, eternal feeling of emptiness. It soon clicks back to the normal fast-paced light-energy transmitting state. In the end, it also depends on how the target audience responds, and what do they seek from it. As a matter of fact, the band before them, was totally crazy, and they had wallpaper with "guts+blood", lyrics -i'm afraid to read them, BUT - the crowd was absolutely energized, I was almost laughing myself, and the whole mood of the crowd seemed to be just... happy?

Some comment about bands. There was later in a topic discussion about conspiracy and how some pop idols are controlled to produce destructive music with a hidden underline message in them. (Relating to website with articles explaining pop industry exposed). It may seem that metal music is a direct attack on teenagers primarily and other headbangers, with all it's evil, gore and satanist messages. However it is not right that all metal bands have this message. There is a broad variety of sub-genres within metal music itself, with lyrical themes from very different aspects of life an death as well as in between of the two. Not all of the metal videos have destruction in them and not all covers are black or red.
Monica, when giving example of the bands you liked and did not - you mentioned some mainstream metal bands. What does mainstream mean? There are record labels for the metal, that offer contracts to the musicians same as there are producers for the pop industry. Pretty much you can think of some metal bands being POP, because their music is polished by the producers of the band that works for the label, in order to hit the target audience, and of course, get PROFIT!!!1 Sometimes bands get very little deal of the income that the record label owns in a result of sale. So some of the bands you mentioned there, are so called mainstream bands. It does not mean they are bad. It just relates to what is written above, with all sorts of consequences, like change of style, for example. Often, band that is sold out, changes its style to something less aggresive in tone, in order to suit larger audiences of listeners. That is the most obvious change when the band "sells-out". Actually, such bands have a quite high level of performance standard, and their tunes are very well thought through.
Try to find and listen to more underground bands. Even though, they are trying to clone as much as they can the ones that are up high in the fame and glory, there are still cases of a very talented band that is free and not promoted.
New bands that are formed from the followers of metal cult (yes, it is a cult to some extend, watch "Heaedbangers journey" :-) ) - they are passionate teens that get access to the music that they can get access to. And that is, in our world, the things that are sold in the shop. Mostly. Now it is a bit better with the internet. So as they learn to play, they play the riffs from their favourite bands that are chosen from the pool of mainstream bands that are known. And those are known because they are produced to be known and to be sold out... Often kids would grow long hair and wear black. Next level is piercing, tattooing, wearing more leather and more metal items: chains, spikes. Last thing is to wear corpse-paint. But not the least. Some manged to burn churches under the inspiration, and, I suspect while being under the influence. :C
Hopefully, the chaotic nature that metal has, creates a wide options for the musicians, and there are good bands out there, that noone knows about, that are very talented and have smart messages in their lyrics. Keep browsing metal-arhives.com.

Try to listen these for some inspiration, if you haven't heard them yet. In no particular order and without any judgment, just info:
Disillusion, Animals as leaders, Aghora, Cynic, Spiral Architect, Arcturus, Crematory, Novembre, Misanthrope, Borknagar, Amon Amarth, Pitbulls in the nursery - check out In my veins track, Yngwie Malmsteen, Anomaly, Primus, Meshuggah, Haggard.

If you think that this can be posted to the forum, I more than welcome you to do that. Also, if you have something else to say, we can continue sharing of the ideas. (learning :-) )

Stay true. \m/
Anonymous Metalhead.

[BlatzAdict]

The deeper one is in darkness, the weaker they truly are, and realistically the lower on the "heirarchy". Why is this so? Those darknesses whom control the others are those who have learned to use the light, but have not discerned its true nature. "Good" and "evil" (to use aphorisms) both use the same force, to the same end, through reciprocal means. Ignorance is not nearly as dangerous as malicious wisdom.

wise words friend... VERY wise

[Meerie]

Anonymous metalhead / lurker, if you read this, I sincerely hope you consider start posting here on the forum. I am very impressed by what you wrote and would love to hear more from you. Thanks for sharing Monica.

[Monica]

Moonsorrow

Moonsorrow (poor sound quality but the feel of the show is conveyed)

I had a spontaneous past life memory, very intense complete with tears, when I saw this live. I was transported back to medieval Europe.

[godwide_void]

This is my sort of thread! While I happen to be a very peaceful and spiritual person my musical roots and preferences lie in the realm of extreme metal; black metal, death metal, doom metal, such bands as Deathspell Omega, Blut Aus Nord, diSEMBOWELMENT, Weakling, Corrupted, Inquisition, (V.E.G.A.), Immolation, Gorguts, Grand Belial's Key, Mgla, Monolithe, Taake, Windir, etc. Even these days I still jam them and the amusing little thought crosses my mind that most would perceive this music as "evil" or dark and yet here I am, a child of the Law of One, and I'm thoroughly enjoying it. I think nothing of it because all ways are valid ways of knowing the Creator through the Creation.

The music itself touches upon emotions and evokes atmospheres like no other. Many consider it unintelligible noise but truly the composition takes a fair bit of talent and the propensity to channel your emotions through the sounds you create. I also wholeheartledly agree with the anonymous metalhead's post above.

[Nyu]

I don't know if this is good or bad but since beginning to awaken, a lot of music I used to like, I can't listen to anymore.. it just feels too negative, but moonsorrow and burzum and hexvessel and pink floyd still reign supreme!

ps Monica, I LOVE that you love moonsorrow

---

Ps Windir is awesome too, and Falkenbach! And Agalloch..

---

pps! Anyone that thinks metal is mindless noise needs to obviously listen to more of it! The music I like is so finely layered and detailed it still boggles me and I still hear new things in it every time..

[Monica]

I don't know if this is good or bad but since beginning to awaken, a lot of music I used to like, I can't listen to anymore.. it just feels too negative, but moonsorrow and burzum and hexvessel and pink floyd still reign supreme!

Same here. I'm not a fan of Burzum but that might be a bias due to Varg's actions. I've heard that he did some melodic music while in prison which I might like were I to listen to it, but I draw a distinction between an artist having a negative image and actually engaging in negative, violent acts. There are very few artists that I have this bias against. Normally I prefer to judge the music on its own merits. But I admit to having a bias against Varg's music.

'Classic' rock bands, prog, and heavy bands from the 70s are all positive, in my view. Pink Floyd is so brilliant that I would never dream of outgrowing them. There's nothing negative about Pink Floyd! I consider them the most brilliant and innovative band ever.

ps Monica, I LOVE that you love moonsorrow

Sometimes the vocals get too harsh for my taste, but the music is so incredible that I overlook it. And the experience I had when I saw them live, was by far the most profound spiritual experience I've ever had at any concert, except for Peter Gabriel. (No one can top Peter Gabriel! )

Ps Windir is awesome too, and Falkenbach! And Agalloch..

My son turned me on to Agalloch and I like most of what I've heard. I'll have to ask him about those others.

pps! Anyone that thinks metal is mindless noise needs to obviously listen to more of it! The music I like is so finely layered and detailed it still boggles me and I still hear new things in it every time..

Heh, I agree about the finely layered part. I've often wondered why some of us resonate with heavy music. There is something about it that nourishes me. It also seems to remind me of my home planet for some inexplicable reason. When I was a child and too young to be a part of the hippie movement, I always felt a yearning, like the hippies were all part of a family or tribe, and I felt that I belonged too, even though I was too young. I've never been able to quite put my finger on what it is about rock/metal that is so powerful for me (which is part of the reason I started this thread...to explore this). It's about way more than just personal taste. It's more than that.

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This is my sort of thread! While I happen to be a very peaceful and spiritual person my musical roots and preferences lie in the realm of extreme metal; black metal, death metal, doom metal, such bands as Deathspell Omega, Blut Aus Nord, diSEMBOWELMENT, Weakling, Corrupted, Inquisition, (V.E.G.A.), Immolation, Gorguts, Grand Belial's Key, Mgla, Monolithe, Taake, Windir, etc.

I've never heard of any of those!

[seosmmplume]

I like to use this website
http://mp3echo.com/
Simply type your fav song or artist name and click search button. you can find all song of your fav artist at one place.
you can listen all songs, Download song and can watch all latest video of songs.

[Minyatur]

IMO if you take away every negative emotions that could be poured into music it becomes dull and mindless.

I do get why you have a problem with harsh vocals, I used not to be able to stand this guy's voice and only listened for a few years to their album that had no growl until I ended starting to appreciate it more and more because others made me listen to the other albums. I used to see his voice as demonic but now even the growl are somewhat angelic. Are demons not angels afterall?

Here's one song that I love from by far my favorite metal band. Their last two albums don't include any growl and have a very different genre, but they're still dark in themselves.

[AnthroHeart]

The Matthew Ward channelings say that heavy metal music won't be around in higher density, because it's not harmonious. I don't remember where I read that.

[AnthroHeart]

http://galacticchannelings.com/english/m...07-13.html

"Listen to your favorite music—unless it’s heavy metal, which shatters balance, and the tones of classical compositions are the most effective in restoring balance."

[Minyatur]

The Matthew Ward channelings say that heavy metal music won't be around in higher density, because it's not harmonious. I don't remember where I read that.

I used to think like that when I was a christian, but it didn't remain in the long run. I can get why it wouldn't be around 4D STO as they'll be building themselves a shadow self to only face much later on.

Dark music has this way of pulling things out from within you and that's why I couldn't stand it as a christian. I saw the devil in these feelings while now this kind of music makes me feel alive and joyful simply because I find it beautiful. I do listen to light-oriented stuff also.

I've had this friend who had for favorite band Dream Theater and now all he listens to is things that sing praises to Jesus Christ... that's just sad.

Edit : After thinking about it, I did that for a short while too and it does make you happy lol. Guess it's not such a bad thing.

[Aion]

Bullshit, bullshit, bullshit, etc.

All music is catalyst and like all catalyst is subject to the use of the individual.