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[anagogy]

Yes it can be confusing because i don't know what the shamans means by soul : is it what leaves the body after death and continue its evolution (Ra would say that after death the entity undergoes healing...) ?  Or is it what is called the Higher Self by Ra. It's confusing because the terms Higher Self, Soul, soul (astral and or mental body), Spirit, Oversoul, Monad are used by differents authors and it's not easy to know the connections.

According to you it is just about subconscious patterns ? I also thought about that. An enlightened being like Nisargadatta Maharaj, Ramana Maharshi or Buddha is someone who has worked enough on himself to let his Soul enter, pervade and live within his body and mind to a very high degre. So don't you think that a person could be more or less connected and "filled" with her Soul ?

Well, it depends what you mean by "soul".  From my perspective "soul" is consciousness.  So those factors which reduce consciousness are the only things blocking "soul" or "spirit" from expressing fully.  So we have to ask ourselves, what is it that lowers consciousness?  Again, it is simply that which harnesses the energy of consciousness (attention) and then *traps* it in destructive mental patterns.  These are the patterns I spoke up before.  Ironically, in all those individuals you mentioned, they unanimously found that it was their very egos (which many would interpret as their "individual souls"), that stood in the way of realizing the highest nature of Being.  

As far as occult terminology, I agree those terms are confusing.  There is a more organic way to think about all that stuff when you understand the fundamental and functional basis for what we call: mind, body, and spirit.  All three are focuses of consciousness.  Mind is inner projected consciousness, body is outer projected consciousness, and spirit is the relationship between the two (you can think of it as the "integrator" between the subject/object nexus).  Another way to look at it is that spirit is looking in the mirror of mind, and seeing the reflection of matter.  The mirror will only reflect a true image of spirit when it is distortion free.  If their are smudges on the mirror, the reflection will not accurately show the nature of spirit.  The work of meditation -- of harnessing attention away from these patterns of mind which trap consciousness is akin to "polishing" our mental mirrors.  In time, with enough polishing, our minds will become pure reflectors of spirit, and we too will find our core of being.