Our Planet is 4D Now? Looks the same to me.

[zenmaster]

I mean more of how you dis-assemble the sentences presented to you in a conversation so as to analyze the components and understand the whole sentence better.

Like seeing non-relevant ideas/assumptions/etc thrown in to it, or realizing that two people do not have identical definitions of a word/phrase/ideaology/etc.

So what I mean by language based information is simply an over complicated way of saying 'conversation'.

Short answer is context, experience - (thousands of dialogs, reflection, worldview, trial and error) and honesty. There is no perfect communication or possibility for misunderstanding, but there are many ways to reduce the instances of it if the intent to do so is there and persists.